The former Rock River Generating Station is located in Beloit, Wisconsin. The coal-fired units were converted to operate solely on natural gas starting in May 2000 and the units fully retired in 2012. Demolition of the Rock River Generating Station reached substantial completion in February 2017.

The Rock River Generating Station produced CCR that was managed on site while the coal-fired units were in operation.

On May 8, 2024, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the Final Legacy Coal Combustion Residual (CCR) Surface Impoundment Rule (Legacy Rule) that established regulations for CCR surface impoundments at inactive facilities (legacy surface impoundments). The Legacy Rule requires that legacy surface impoundments (LSI) that no longer received CCR but contained both CCR and liquid on or after October 19, 2015 and that is located at an inactive electric utility, generally comply with the EPA requirements for inactive CCR surface impoundments in accordance with Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 257 Subpart D Hazardous and Solid Waste Management System; Disposal of CCR from Electric Utilities (EPA, 2015).

The effective date of the Legacy Rule was November 8, 2024.